The Rise And Fall Of Henry Fords Forgotten Jungle City

Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City Henry Ford may be best known as the founder of Ford Motor Company and as the creator of the first model-T, but what you may not know, is that he owned 25 million acres of land in the Amazon, where he attempted to establish the largest rubber plantation in the world. Greg Grandin, in his book Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City, talks about Ford as an idealist who took on many projects and was determined to see them succeed; focusing chiefly on the discussion of his rubber plantation project. Henry Ford controlled most of the raw materials he needed to manufacture his cars. This included lumber, coal, and iron oar to be made into steel.†¦show more content†¦This was the case when Brazil was the number one exporter of rubber, but the boom of rubber production in Asia was so considerable, that Brazil could no longer compete. In 1927 Ford sent a botanist named LaRou, to survey the land in Brazil and find a suitable location for rubber production. He was responsible as well for reporting the condition of the rubber tappers in the area, who were â€Å"fever stricken †¦ [having] horrible wounds and sores on their legs and feet. They [were] always nearly naked, covered merely by rags†(p.88). Upon hearing of the poverty of the workers, it became more of a social project than an economic one. Besides establishing a profitable rubber plantation, his objective became to establish â€Å"model towns†. His mission was to civilize the people, while having them obey his rules. Ford acquired 25 million acres of amazon forests along the Tapajos River. The town that he created is now known as Fordlandia. In that town, he funded the building of a hospital, as well as a water purification plant to provide the employees with clean drinking water. He also tried to improve their nutrition, teach them proper hygiene, and teach them to be economical while paying them decent wages.

My Organizational Culture Workshop Model - 1646 Words

This paper references the Using Biblical Insights And Leadership To Understand And Improve Your Organizational Culture workshop model. This paper will introduce, give foundational support for, and walk through the workshop. Workshop The intent of this workshop is to help individuals better understand the value of understanding their organization’s culture, how to effectively apply culture change, and biblical foundations for culture change and leadership during said process. These topics are importance today because of the tumultuous and rapidly changing environment that organizations operate within (Hughes, Beatty, Dinwoodie, 2005). These topics create a strategic mindset for leaders to recognize their current and desired culture and make the correct steps toward lasting success. Foundations for the Workshop Because of the world today, Hughes wrote, â€Å"the best way for organizations to thrive in the face of this new reality is to become continual learning engines† (Hughes et al., 2005, pg. 3). One of the ways an organization can become a â€Å"learning engine† is to understand their own culture. This creates direction, alignment and commitment for the organization as it moves in its desired direction. This pushes an organization to become agile and resilient, which allow an organization to meet the demands of a competitive environment (Hughes et al., 2005). 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Environment Is Affected By Over Consumption of Natural Resources

Question: How The Environment Is Affected By Over Consumption Of Natural Resources? Answer: Introduction Sustainability as a concept involves three main aspects, ecological health, economic welfare and social equity. It not only lays emphasis on the ethical commitment of the wellbeing of contemporary societies but also of the future generations. It suggests that in the process of making decisions, societies that have good quality life have a responsibility to ensure that contemporary, future and less well-off can meet their basic needs and have opportunities to enhance their lives. Communities are applying to plan urban areas, solve energy problems, develop green spaces, address waste disposal and reinvigorate local communities (DesJardins, 2007). The concept sustainability has its foundation in the crisis of development. International development schemes have failed to improve the lives of impoverished people around the globe. Sustainability remains inherently difficult to be achieved due to its complexity, and it is increasingly difficult to the maze of issues that face us (Sestini, 2012). Humanity faces a future with vast array of concerns including blowback effects from disposal of synthetic chemicals, potentially appalling consequences because of climate change, shortages of potable water, and depleted fisheries. In examining sustainability, the relationship between natural resources and consumption is an issue that has to be explored. The increase in population and per capita consumption is challenging Earths carrying capacity. Most basic resources, land, energy, biota and water, are not unlimited in their supplies, and as human population and consumption increases, they are rapidly being depleted. Moreover, human-driven practices intended to satisfy peoples needs are increasingly reducing the capacity of the ecology to fulfill these needs. The effects of over consumption of resources on the environment are invariably multiple, long-lasting, and unforeseeable. The results of these actions manifest after many year or centuries. The risks and costs of ecosystem disruptions are deferred to future generations. It is impossible to know the long-term effects due to the complexity of the web of life (Ayestarn, 2010). Environmental impact is tied to affluence for societies and individuals. As wealth and technology grow so does per capita resource usage. Greater opulence results in more consumption of food, energy and more garbage production(York, 2009). Thus people in wealthier regions consume more than those in poor sectors. Even within the same area, the consumption degree of a prosperous resident is more than poorer ones. Affluent people have greater ecological and economic footprints compared to deprived individuals. Corporations largely influence environmental sustainability since they are the biggest consumers of natural resources. To achieve sustainability, they should, first, implement a policy that ensures yearly reductions of emissions synthetic, solid waste and substances from the Earths crust. Second, decrease dependence on resources extraction and instead use recycled materials. Third, introduce a review to help in reducing the non-renewable portion of the resources stream and maximize resource efficiency. Fourth, assess the life cycle of their products to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of production decisions. Fifth, set effective restrictions on the use of substance from the Earths crust as well as their extraction (Baumgrtner and Quaas, 2010). Social implications People should recognize their responsibility to future generations, and they should not satisfy their immediate needs at the expense of future generations. They should acknowledge and affirm an obligation to persons who remain incapable of actively expressing their interests (Liu et al., 2015). Their inability to take part in the process of making decisions should not negate the obligation to consider their rights and needs. The same applies to peoples responsibility to those separated from them by geographic, social and political boundaries. Many people are unable to actively represent their views concerning decisions that most affect their lives owing to geo-political or social-economic reasons. They lack the necessary resources to ensure their opinions are heard and noted. Although such people are relatively powerless their rights to sustainable occupations that are not laden with disparate environmental threats remain intact (Kolk, 2008). Economic effects A major value in economics is efficiency which entails minimizing costs while maximizing profits. Many organizations in a drive to increase productivity have mechanized their business activities and reduced the number of workers. As a result, there are high levels of unemployment and more workload for those doing the work. Further, high volumes of productivity consume natural resources and produce more waste. Nature as capital is a reserve of resources that produces a constant supply of natural goods and services. Trees as assets, for instance, yield timber that is used in for paper products, energy conversion and lumber. Water as an asset provides fish for consumption and water for industrial uses and drinking needs. Such natural stocks should be sustainably utilized to ensure indefinite production of valuable natural goods and services. However, overexploitation of a stock leads to its depletion since the nature resource is incapable of regenerating the stock at a fast rate. The natural income it generates flow of services and goods becomes exhausted. Further exploitation of the stock diminishes its natural capital. In the end, the exhaustion of natural resources leaves one neither capital nor proceeds. Future generations may face diminishing returns as a result of current generations depleting natural capital. The predicament facing humanity is dire because of the massive ecological debt as a result of exhausting natural capital. Future generations will be enforced to settle this debt which is unfair as well as undemocratic. It is reasonable to suppose that future generations would not approve being laden with the reparation of a debt whose benefits they did not enjoy. Had they an opportunity to vote on the matter, they would not approve ecological debts (Krishna, Dangayach and Jainabc, 2011). Ethical problems connected with over consumption of natural resources First, there are vast disproportions in per capita consumption of natural resources between different nations and world segments. People in affluent countries consume ten times more than inhabitants in developing countries. In the present society, there is an unfair distribution of benefits and risks. These ethical concerns fall under the distributive justice theory. The theory asserts that the distribution of resources ought to be fair and correct. The distributive justice theory is also concerned with the fair distribution of merits and demerits including risks. Currently, the underprivileged and the powerless members of society are more disposed to environmental risks such as exposure to toxic material or high levels of pollution in their locality or work settings. Affluence tends to accrue at the higher levels of the socio-economic continuum, le risks accumulate at the lower levels(Biedenweg, Monroe and Oxarart, 2013). Second, humanity owes the future societies a world that is not largely diminished of its life-supporting capacity. Over exploitation of resource without regarding future generations also falls under the distributive theory. The theory posits that there should be a fair and correct distribution of resources between generations (Wright and Bennett, 2011). Surveying or consulting future generations as to their needs and wants is not possible, however, assumptions can be made. People can assume that they will need a meaningful income, physical security, decent housing, nutritious food, health, education and a life-supporting globe. Additionally, they will need to enjoy the scenic beauty as well the chance to develop culturally, technologically and scientifically (Crane and Matten, 2016). Significant opportunities and threats for business Businesses that depend on nature for raw materials are flourishing since the materials are free. The only costs organizations incur in purchasing the necessary machinery. The two primary categories of natural resources are renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable materials include timber to produce timber and furniture and agricultural products and fish which serve as food for people and livestock (Kibert et al., 2011. ). Agricultural related businesses are doing well since the materials they derive from nature are renewable. Non-renewable resources include metal ores for manufacturing machinery, construction industry materials for constructing roads and houses and fossil fuels that provide energy. Companies are rapidly depleting these resources, and thus there is a need to consider using alternative raw materials. For instance, firms and people should utilize energy sources that are renewable wind and solar (Saltaji, 2013). However, the rapidly growing demand for non-renewable resources has caused an unprecedented increase in resource value. Businesses which own the raw material deposits are profiting from this situation and are trading resources at higher prices. Regions with a relative scarcity of resources are negatively affected and have to pay high prices for the resources. When organizations reach the peak of extraction of various resources, the materials will decrease, and their extraction will be restricted. Some materials will not be available since they will have been fully depleted. These will adversely affect businesses, and some will have to be closed due to unavailability of raw materials. Solutions to the ethical problems Resources should be used in efficiently and fairly for people around the world to meet their basic human needs. Humanity should consider the entire world and be efficient regarding how they use resources and manage waste to ensure sustainability. If some people have inadequate resources and on the other hand other persons have excess, it is imbalanced regarding meeting rudimentary human necessities. To achieve sustainability, people should share while striving to live using fewer resources. Also, improve the organizational and technical efficiency to facilitate equitable distribution of resources. Additionally, improving how people address the increase of human population plays a significant role in ensuring sustainability of natural resources (Krainer, 2011). To ensure sustainability of ecological diversity, humans should avoid systematically destroying the habitat of other species. Biodiversity offers the basic ecological services that are needed to ensure sustainability of life on this sphere. The sustainability of society depends on the continuing ability of nature to renew resources and convert waste into useful resources. Therefore, humans should avoid taking more than can be replenished by the natural system (Manzini, 2006). Human activities such as mining metals and minerals and burning fossil fuels, should not transpire at a degree that causes the increase of harmful substances in the ecosphere. The problems that result from materials from the Earths crust accumulating in the ecology include contamination of ground and surface water, rise in greenhouse gases resulting to global climate change and increase in metal toxins (Meijboom and Brom, 2012). Therefore, society needs to implement programs for recycling mineral and metal and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Barriers to management of natural resources Prime resources function independently, and each can be used to some extent to make up for the partial deficiency of one or more of the others. For instance, desert land can be irrigated for agricultural production. However, this is a viable strategy if surface or ground water is available, there is sufficient energy to pump the water, and if the soil is fertile enough to support crop growth and is suitable for irrigation. The productiveness of nutrient deficient soil can be improved by great inputs of fossil fuel fertilizers. However, the practice increases reliance on finite fossil fuels. A more basic issue is that approximately 3000 years are required for the natural restructuring of the topsoil to 15 mm depth necessary for satisfactory agricultural production. Although some innovative technologies and ecological management practices are improving the use of resources, there are limits to their functions. For instance, the availability of bigger nets, faster and larger ships, has not lead to rising in fish production. Similarly, obtainability and use of large, efficient saws do not result in the increase in forest production and regrowth. Conclusion The moral principles of sustainability do not aim to mere existence; to live sustainably entails enjoying and preserving the high quality and opulent diversity of life. In this respect, peoples responsibility to future generations involves exceeding the necessity of ensuring they meet their basic needs. Societys responsibility is to preserve the opportunities and standards that are valued today. People ought to pass a legacy of a resilient, biologically diverse and life sustaining planet. References Ayestarn, I. ( 2010) 'Knowledge, responsibility and ethics of sustainability in view of the global change', Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 183-198. Baumgrtner, S. and Quaas, M. ( 2010) 'What is sustainability economics?', Ecological Economics, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 445-450. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A. ( 2013) 'The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability. International ', Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, pp. 14(1), pp.6-14. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2016) Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization, Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. (2007) Business, ethics, and the environment: Imagining a sustainable future , Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kibert, C.J., Thiele, L., Peterson, A. and Monroe, M. (2011. ) The ethics of sustainability.. Kolk, A. ( 2008) 'Sustainability, accountability and corporate governance: exploring multinationals' reporting practices ', Business Strategy and the Environment, pp. 17(1), pp.1-15. Krainer, L. (2011) Ethics and Sustainability, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Krishna, A., Dangayach, G.S. and Jainabc, R. (2011) 'Business ethics: a sustainability approach', Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, no. 25, pp. 281-286. Liu, J., Mooney, H., Hull, V., Davis, S.J., Gaskell, J., Hertel, T., Lubchenco, J., Seto, K.C., Gleick, P., Kremen, C. and Li, S. (2015) ' Sustainability. Systems integration for global sustainability', Science, vol. (6225), no. 1258832, p. 347. Manzini, E. ( 2006) 'Design, ethics and sustainability. Guidelines for a Transition Phase' University of Art and Design Helsinki (June). Meijboom, F.L. and Brom, F.W. (2012) ' Ethics and sustainability: Guest or guide? On sustainability as a moral ideal', Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics, pp. 25(2), pp.117-121. Saltaji, I.M. (2013) ' CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RELATION WITH CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY', Internal Auditing Risk Management, vol. 8, no. 2. Sestini, F. (2012) ' Collective awareness platforms: engines for sustainability and ethics', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 54-62. Wright, N.S. and Bennett, H.. (2011) 'Business ethics, CSR, sustainability and the MBA ', Journal of Management Organization, pp. 17(05), pp.641-655. York, J.G. (2009) ' Pragmatic sustainability: translating environmental ethics into competitive advantage ', Journal of Business Ethics,pp, vol. 85, pp. 97-109.

should marijuana be legal Essays - Drug Policy, Drug Culture

Should Marijuana Be Legalized in the states? Canada and other states have approved it. Some say that it will be in good use for people that are ill. The most common gateway for people is drugs. Our American society is facing a tremendous drug problem. It has become a highly controversial issue whether drugs such as marijuana should be legalized or not. Marijuana should be used to heal innocent ill people, but some people advocate this issue and believe that legalization is the only solution left for the nation. Because they felt like people will use it for drugs and get high from using Marijuana when it only should be used to heal the ill patients. Marijuana is illegal in the United States because of how people use it. They don?t realize how bad it can cause problems with the brain and body. Marijuana has both short term and long term effects. However, according to scientific experiments, marijuana is known to be beneficial in medicine. We all wonder and ask questions like should marijuana be legalized? One of the consequences of legalization will be a tremendous increase in drug users. Right now, drug users have a fear of law enforcement agents, but if drugs were to be legalized, they no longer will have fear and will feel that it will be okay to use drugs. Over a decade ago, Americans went as high as 24 million, but we now estimate that the number of Americans who use illegal drugs is down to about 11 million. A recent study by scientific professors did a major research about how drug use has gone down dramatically. This is good because using the marijuana on daily bases can kill a lot of people. In the year of 93, Americans spent over $49 billion on illegal drugs, and it down from $64 billion in 1988 (Brown 629). This decline is due to more officers on the streets and drug awareness programs. By officers dressing up like they are one of the Americans? that uses drugs, they surprising the drug users that are really police officers. An increase in drug use will result in an increase in drug related crimes if drugs are legalized. Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use was legal by officers doing a drug bust in their home or on the streets. Majority of the time when cops are having a road block, and if the driver looks suspicious, they are most likely to do a drug test and if it is positive, they would be arrested. Major Making drugs more readily available could only propel more individuals into a life of crime and violence (Brown 629). Many people who are on drugs turn to crime to pay for their habits because they are stimulated by drugs and therefore act violently. If marijuana was legal in the states, it would be so many people doing drugs or buying it to make money. That would be the disadvantage of having the states to approve it because of how certain people would abuse it, and to make money. Thus, it will increase the already existing problem of crime. Church mentions that every year drug lords make over twenty billion dollars from cocaine and marijuana business, and legalizers believe that legalization will wipe out their major sources of funds (Church 12). Therefore, drug use is a matter of supply and demand. As long as the drugs exist, they will continue to use it, whether it is legal or illegal. People that supported the legalization believe that if governments regulate drugs such as cocaine and marijuana by imposing taxes, they believe that black market will be eliminated and would not be any more drug use (Church 12). Therefore, the higher the tax rate, the higher the price of the drugs and not many users can afford to buy high priced drugs such as marijuana and cocaine. Therefore, they will have to go buy drugs from gangs members and hide out without getting caught, but it will hurt them the most because . In addition, children and teenagers will be obviously banned from purchasing marijuana and cocaine just as they are prohibited

Learn How to Count in Italian

Learn How to Count in Italian Numbers are a must-know when learning a language because they’re used in so many situations figuring out what time it is, how much something costs, understanding the timeline that your tour guide is talking about, doing math, understanding recipes, and even interpreting the WiFi password. Italian Cardinal Numbers From 1 to 100 You can use the following table to memorize numbers from 1 to 100. NUMBER AND PRONUNCIATION   1 uno OO-noh 2 due DOO-eh 3 tre TREH 4 quattro KWAHT-troh 5 cinque CHEEN-kweh 6 sei SEH-ee 7 sette SET-teh 8 otto OHT-toh 9 nove NOH-veh 10 dieci dee-EH-chee 11 undici OON-dee-chee 12 dodici DOH-dee-chee 13 tredici TREH-dee-chee 14 quattordici kwaht-TOR-dee-chee 15 quindici KWEEN-dee-chee 16 sedici SEH-dee-chee 17 diciassette dee-chahs-SET-teh 18 diciotto dee-CHOHT-toh 19 diciannove dee-chahn-NOH-veh 20 venti VEN-tee 21 ventuno ven-TOO-noh 22 ventidue ven-tee-DOO-eh 23 ventitr ven-tee-TREH 24 ventiquattro ven-tee-KWAHT-troh 25 venticinque ven-tee-CHEEN-kweh 26 ventisei ven-tee-SEH-ee 27 ventisette ven-tee-SET-teh 28 ventotto ven-TOHT-toh 29 ventinove ven-tee-NOH-veh 30 trenta TREN-tah 40 quaranta kwah-RAHN-tah 50 cinquanta cheen-KWAHN-tah 60 sessanta ses-SAHN-tah 70 settanta set-TAHN-ta 80 ottanta oht-TAHN-ta 90 novanta noh-VAHN-tah 100 cento CHEN-toh The numbers venti, trenta, quaranta, cinquanta, and so on drop the final vowel when combined with uno - 1 and otto - 8. Tre - 3 is written without an accent, but ventitrà © - 23, trentatrà © - 33, and so on are written with an acute accent. Also, notice that once you know the base number, like â€Å"venti - 20†, you can add your numbers for 1-10 to create â€Å"ventuno - 21†, â€Å"ventidue - 22†, â€Å"ventitrà © - 23† and so on. Esempi: A: Quanto costa la focaccia? - How much does the focaccia cost? B: Costa due euro e cinquanta centesimi. - It costs 2,50 euro. A: Fa caldo oggi! Quanti gradi ci sono? - It’s hot today! What’s the temperature? B: Trentuno gradi! - 31 degrees! A: Che ore sono? - What time is it? B: Sono le due e undici. - It’s 2:11.    Italian Cardinal Numbers of 100 and Greater Back in the old days, before the euros arrival in Italy, you could pay a few thousand lire for admission to a museum or for a cappuccino and biscotti. During that time, tourists needed to know more than just the numbers up to 100 to get around. Lucky for you, lire are history, but learning numbers greater than 100 will still prove useful, particularly when talking about years or the prices for any couture items. Number and Pronunciation 100 cento CHEN-toh 101 centouno/centuno cheh- toh-OO-noh/chehn-TOO-noh 150 centocinquanta cheh-toh-cheen-KWAHN-tah 200 duecento doo-eh-CHEN-toh 300 trecento treh-CHEN-toh 400 quattrocento kwaht-troh-CHEN-toh 500 cinquecento cheen-kweh-CHEN-toh 600 seicento seh-ee-CHEN-toh 700 settecento set-the-CHEN-toh 800 ottocento oht-toh-CHEN-toh 900 novecento noh-veh-CHEN-toh 1.000 mille MEEL-leh 1.001 milleuno meel-leh-OO-noh 1.200 milleduecento meel-leh-doo-eh-CHEN-toh 2.000 duemila doo-eh-MEE-lah 10.000 diecimila dee-eh-chee-MEE-lah 15.000 quindicimila kween-dee-chee-MEE-lah 100.000 centomila chen-toh-mee-lah 1.000.000 un milione OON mee-lee-OH-neh 2.000.000 due milioni DOO-eh mee-lee-OH-neh 1.000.000.000 un miliardo OON mee-lee-ARE-doh Esempi: 1492 - millequattrocentonovantadue1962 - millenovecentosessantadue1991 - millenovecentonovantuno2000 - duemila2016 - duemila sedici Italian Ordinal Numbers You can place items in order with ordinal numbers. For instance, il primo is the first course on a menu and il secondo is the second course, so pay attention to articles. Here’s what they look like: English and Italian first primo second secondo third terzo fourth quarto fifth quinto sixth sesto seventh settimo eighth ottavo ninth nono tenth decimo eleventh undicesimo twelfth dodicesimo thirteenth tredicesimo fourteenth quattordicesimo fifteenth quindicesimo sixteenth sedicesimo seventeenth diciassettesimo eighteenth diciottesimo nineteenth diciannovesimo twentieth ventesimo twenty-first ventunesimo twenty-third ventitreesimo hundredth centesimo thousandth millesimo two thousandth duemillesimo three thousandth tremillesimo one millionth Milionesimo When used with the numerical succession of kings, popes, and emperors, the ordinal numbers are capitalized. For example, Vittorio Emanuele III (Terzo), who ruled the unified Italian nation from 1900 to 1946, was the third king with that name. Some other examples are: Pope Paul Quinto - Pope Paul VVittorio Emanuele Secondo - Vittorio Emanuele IILeone Nono - Leone IXCarlo Quinto   - Carlo V Here are some examples of centuries: diciottesimo secolo - eighteenth centurydiciannovesimo secolo - nineteenth centuryventesimo secolo - twentieth century Notice the regularity of ordinal numbers beginning with undicesimo. The suffix -esimo is added to the cardinal numbers by dropping the final vowel of the cardinal number. The one exception includes numbers ending in -trà ©. Those numbers drop their accent and are unchanged when -esimo is added. Since Italian ordinal numbers function as adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: primo, prima, primi, prime. Il primo ministro - The Prime MinisterIl primo sindaco donna della storia di questa citt - The first female major in the history of this cityPrendiamo il primo treno che arriva! - Let’s catch the first train coming!La prima della fila à ¨ questa signora, io sono la seconda. - The first in line ​is this lady, I’m the second one.

Best TV Shows About College Life

Best TV Shows About College Life If not for television, would we know how it feels to have the experience of raising 8 kids? Would we understand the thrill and rush that comes with learning to express yourself in high school through song and dance? What about the strength, bravery, and courage of a woman trapped in a religious theocracy that is simply doing what she can to survive and get herself out? While the plots for shows mentioned above may take their liberties with emotion and drama to create visually stunning programming and ratings producing statistics, something is to be said for those shows that create a more realistic window into the everyday lives of people. One of the most important of those experiences being, of course, college life. Television has, over the decades, created a wide range of shows that are meant to represent college life. Some take a more whimsical approach to the topic, like when Sabrina went to college and learned that life with magic isnt just hard in high school. Others take a more simple approach, choosing to pick and pull sugar coated lessons from college meant to entertain, rather than provide thoughtful insight into a character or experience like when Saved by The Bell took it to the College Years.. However, not all shows are designed to just be purely for entertainment. Some of the best tv shows about college put the focus on the characters and their complicated and sometimes tragic backstories, the political realness that comes with being different in a place where you have a voice to express it, and the all to familiar sense of falling in and out of love with the person you are becoming. Throw in a bit of bad cooking, take-out, deadlines, and romance, and you have the makings of a truly great tv show about college life. Here is our list of the Best TV Shows About College Life! Dear White People This critically acclaimed show about college life comes from Justin Simien. Dear White People focuses on a group of African American students at an Ivy League school that is trying to balance their school life with the â€Å"post-racial† society we are currently in. While sometimes misguided, their actions put them in situations that give voice to current social and political issues facing minority college students today. What makes Dear White People so great, is that it is for everyone. The show doesnt just focus on stereotypical â€Å"black-anger† or â€Å"white-guilt†, instead, it shows us what life is like learning to interact with people on both sides who just dont know better than what they have been raised to believe. With an intelligent script and a standout cast, this is one college life tv show that you are sure to binge watch! Grown-Ish Something about college show spin-offs always tends to do well and Grown-ish is no exception. A spin-off of ABC’s blackish follows their eldest daughter as she traverses her way between what the series creator calls â€Å"that in-between place where you are not quite an adult but facing grown world problems for the first time.† What we love about this show is its very real ability to show how the character struggles with not always getting what she wants. Too often we go to college assuming that we have finally made it, only to realize that we are only just beginning the first steps into adulthood. This show provides an excellent view of what this can make us feel like, and more importantly, the do’s and donts of how to react to it. Veronica Mars Veronica Mars follows the story of a girl who had everything in high school, and, after a series of personal events, finds herself an outcast in her school and neighborhood. Turning lemons into lemonade, she begins her journey of healing and self-discovery working as a private detective for her father. While the first 2 seasons of this show put Veronica in high school, the final third season explores her transition into college life. The confidence, bravery, and cunningness needed to survive those harsh high school years are just enough to help her keep a hold on things as they turn upside down in college. What we love about Veronica Mars and her college years is watching what type of greatness can be achieved out of tragedy. No story is better for watching someone who fell from grace so to speak, rise up to be better, smarter, and more capable than they had ever dreamed of being. Different World This Cosby Show spin-off follows the life of Denise Huxtable as she journeys through her college life at a historically black college. What makes this so real is that it represented life for African Americans in a way that hadnt been done on TV at the time. Fully diving into the social and political challenges that people of color were facing at the time was highly instrumental in teaching and motivating African American students to enroll in university and find an outlet to be the type of change they wished to see in the world. Mixed into the all-star cast, and the strong storylines was also a lot of fun, laughs, pranks, and hilarious misunderstandings. Truly one of the best television shows about college ever created! Community This NBC sitcom features a ragtag bunch of students that get together, initially, to form a study group. As time continues, they form a rather unique, bond that pulls them through the ups and downs of life at a community college. What makes Community great is that the setting isnt your typical university where everyone is bright eyed and bushy tailed with a long and exciting future ahead of them. With it being a community college, the age of the characters widens,providing a unique perspective into the world of people when they think that they have done everything right and it all turns out so wrong. The best part about this college life tv show is that it uses humor and hijinks to prove a lesson that most are looking for in college just be yourself, because nobody knows what they are doing! Felicity Felicity followed a small town girl who thought she would follow a small town boy to the Big Apple to win him over. While Felicity led a sheltered existence, she soon learns that life doesnt always go as planned and that finishing the day off as the same person you started it isnt always possible. What makes Felicity so great is the fact that it best represents what happens when we thought we had a plan, and even something better comes along. The endless possibilities that hit us in our college years provide the foundation that we build all future decisions on and the story of Felicity’s journey is a moving and inspiring one that is sure to connect with anyone who wanted to follow their heart to a better life. The Magicians The Magicians comes from a book of the same name and follows a group of students doing a postgraduate program at Brakebills a school for magic. Often described as a darker and more adult version of Harry Potter, this show, in reality, is so much more. What makes this show so great is the fact that the magic aspect isnt a huge deal in the show. Or at least it is just as important as showing the characters leveling up of their emotional and mental prowess in addition to their magical one. Love, betrayal, stress, and anxiety all fold together beautifully to show a college experience that has everyone constantly stressed and worried if they are going to make it to the next day. That is surely something that everyone can relate to. And while the extra sci-fi touch to it may be a bit much for some, we are confident that it is just enough to keep you on the edge of your seat wanting more! Whether we love watching them because the stories are more relatable, or because the characters are more believable, (no teenager is ever that clever in real lifeever), one thing is for certain, they are the shows that touched our hearts and got us through some of the best and worst times in that wonderful time we call college life. Image credit: IMDB

Critical Thinking Questions - Strategy and Competition Essay

Critical Thinking Questions - Strategy and Competition - Essay Example When an organization is in trouble the management can first think about retrenchment. Retrenchment is about making specific changes through cost and asset reduction to reverse declining profits. When an organization is specifically weak in a strong industry then the management can think about regrouping the strengths and evaluating the strategy at present to make specific changes. This process will highlight the areas that are weak and needs restructuring. Retrenchment helps in slowing down the decline in profits in the short run and in the long run when combined with other proactive strategies helps in the reversal of the profitability position. When the retrenchment strategy does not work, the management can try divestiture. Divestiture means selling off a weaker decision or a part of the organization. When it is distinct that a particular division is responsible for the overall loss of the organization the management can think about divestiture. When both the above said strategies do not work then the last option is the liquidation. Liquidation is recognition of defeat and is a very emotionally challenging strategy. When the damage can be controlled through alternative strategy, liquidation can be the last option. Change in relationships: The relationships within the organizations and with the external environment have changed because of disappearing levels of management. An organization depends on information technology, the internet, organizations are becoming flatter and leadership from top down has become obsolete. Disappearance of geographic distance: Resources are outsourced from companies across the world and formation of strategic partnerships has been enabled only because of internet connectivity. By outsourcing of services and procurement of the resources from the point of origin, cost is saved for the companies. Customer satisfaction: By

Importance of global trade in Singapore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance of global trade in Singapore - Essay Example Therefore, the key term will determine what affects Singapore in the global trade and what makes it sustain the world economic dynamics in trade. Global trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries in the world. Therefore, this research will bring out the importance of exchanges of service and goods in Singapore. Singapore has a big role in the global trade. This is concerning its position in the world trade. The country has a good infrastructure in place, and most of its population is educated (Eiras et al., 2011). The country has a number of European companies built there and is among the leading external investor in the world. The country also has a good relationship with many countries. After understanding of the concepts, one develops an interest to research about the effect that Singapore has on the global trade. A discussion of the importance of global trade in Singapore has been explored using SWOT analysis. This will bring more insight of where Singapore is placed at the moment and its effect in the global trade Strengths: Singapore is ranked among the largest exporter of goods and services in the world. With this position, it plays a crucial role in global trade. As a country it gains, more advantage because of its position in the global trade. The country has achieved this through embracing of trade dependence and encouraging globalization. The country also has assured economic security, and this is through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT that it acceded in 1973 (Eiras et al., 2011). These forms a system that has rules captured in World Trade Organization that see the country have economic dependence. The country also enjoys the foreign direct investment. It has over 10,000 companies from the European Union operating across a wide range of sectors. This makes Singapore the fifth largest external investor in the world by 2012 (Country Highlights of The

A House Divided Speech Analysis Essay Example for Free

A House Divided Speech Analysis Essay If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, and how to do it. We are now far into the fifty year since a policy was initiated with the avowed object and confident promise of putting and end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease until a crises shall have been reached and passed. A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new, North as well as South. Have we no tendency to the latter condition? Let any one who doubts carefully contemplate that now almost complete legal combination piece of machinery, so to speak compounded of the Nebraska doctrine and the Dred Scott decision. Let him consider not only what work the machinery is adapted to do, and how well adapted; but also let him study the history of its construction, and trace, if he can, or rather fail, if he can, to trace the evidences of design and concert of action among its chief architects, from the beginning. The new year of 1854 found slavery excluded from more than half the States by State constitutions, and from most of the national territory by congressional prohibition. Four days later commenced the struggle which ended in repealing that congressional prohibition. This opened all the national territory to slavery, and was the first point gained. But, so far, Congress only had acted; and an indorsement by the people, real or apparent, was indispensable to save the point already gained and give chance for more. This necessity had not been overlooked, but had been provided for, as well as might be, in the notable argument of squatter sovereignty, otherwise called sacred right of selfgovernment, which latter phrase, though expressive of the only rightful basis of any government, was so perverted in this attempted use of it as to amount to just this: That if any one man choose to enslave another, no third man shall be allowed to object Then opened the roar of loose declamation in favor of squatter sovereignty and sacred right of self-government. But, said opposition members, let us amend the bill so as to expressly declare that the people of the Territory may exclude slavery. Not we, said the friends of the measure; and down they voted the amendment. While the Nebraska Bill was passing through Congress, a law case involving the question of a negros freedom, by reason of his owner having voluntarily taken him first into a free State and then into a territory covered by the congressional prohibition, and held him as a slave for a long time in each, was passing through the United States Circuit Court for the District of Missouri; and both Nebraska Bill and lawsuit were brought to a decision in the same month of May, 1854. The negros name was Dred Scott, which name now designates the decision finally made in the case. Before the then next Presidential election, the law case came to and was argued in the Supreme Court of the United States The election came. Mr. Buchanan was elected, and the indorsement, such as it was, secured. That was the second point gained The Supreme Court met again; did not announce their decision, but ordered a reargument. The Presidential inauguration came, and still no decision of the Court; but the incoming President in his inaugural address fervently exhorted the people to abide by the forthcoming decision, whatever it might be. Then, in a few days, came the decision. The reputed author of the Nebraska Bill finds an early occasion to make a speech at this capital indorsing the bred Scott Decision, and vehemently denouncing all opposition to it. The new President, too, seizes the early occasion of the Silliman letter to indorse and strongly construe that decision, and to express his astonishment that any different view had ever been entertained! At length a squabble springs up between the President and the author of the Nebraska Bill, on the mere question of fact, whether the Lecompton constitution was or was not, in any just sense, made by the people of Kansas; and in that quarrel the latter declares that all he wants is a fair vote for the people, and that he cares not whether slavery be voted dow n or voted up. I do not understand his declaration that he cares not whether slavery be voted down or voted up to be intended by him other than as an apt definition of the policy he would impress upon the public mind the principle for which he declares he has suffered so much, and is ready to suffer to the end. And well may he cling to that principle. If he has any parental feeling, well may he cling to it. That principle is the only shred left of his original Nebraska doctrine. Under the Dred Scott Decision squatter sovereignty squatted out of existence, tumbled down like temporary scaffolding, like the mold at the foundry, served through one blast and fell back into loose sand, helped to carry an election, and then was kicked to the winds We cannot absolutely know that all these exact adaptations are the result of preconcert. But when we see a lot of framed timbers, different portions of which we know have been gotten out at different times and places and by different workmen, Stephen, Franklin, Roger and James, for instance, -and we see these timbers joined together, and see they exactly make the frame of a house or a mill, all the tenons and mortises exactly fitting, and all the lengths and proportions of the different pieces exactly adapted to their respective places, and not a piece too many or too few, not omitting even scaffolding or, if a single piece be lacking, we see the place in the frame exactly fitted and prepared yet to bring such piece in in such a case we find it impossible not to believe that Stephen and Franklin and Roger and James all understood one another from the beginning, and all worked upon a common plan or draft drawn up before the first blow was struck Our cause, then, must be intrusted to, and conducted by, its own undoubted friends -those whose hands are free, whose hearts are in the work, who do care for the result. Two years ago the Republicans of the nation mustered over thirteen hundred thousand strong. We did this under the single impulse of resistance to a common danger, with every external circumstance against us. Of strange, discordant, and even hostile elements, we gathered from the four winds, and formed and fought the battle through, under the constant hot fire of a disciplined, proud, and pampered enemy. Did we brave all then to falter now? now when that same enemy is wavering, dissevered, and belligerent? The result is not doubtful. We shall not fail if we stand firm, we shall not fail. Wise counsels may accelerate or mistakes delay it, but, sooner or later, the victory is sure to come.

Comparing Little House on the Prairie and Sarah Plain and Tall :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Little House on the Prairie, written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, and Sarah Plain and Tall, Written by Patricia MacLachlan Little House on the Prairie, written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, bears some resemblance to Sarah Plain and Tall, written by Patricia MacLachlan. Within both of the texts one can find two families that are adjusting to life out on the Prairie. Even though the books are written some fifty years apart they still portray the aspects of living on the prairies in the Midwest. In both books the parents seem equally important to the plot, while the point of view enhances the importance of the children within the books. In Little House on the Prairie the family is already formed, but the homestead is not. The opposite situation occurs in Sarah, Plain and Tall, where the homestead is in place but the family is not quite complete until Sarah travels from Maine to live with Jacob, Anna and Caleb. In both books, all of the characters are very similar. Charles and Jacob, the fathers in the books, are seen as very strong willed, loving and appear to be capable providers. The fathers in both of these books are in control of their families and do whatever is necessary to provide. On many occasions Charles travels to Independence to get food for his family and he also hunts and traps animals to sell their fur. Although Jacob's acts of providing for his family are more stationary, he works hard on their farm to provide for them. The men may be hard workers and do the main part of the manual labor, but the women also do their share to contribute to the success of the family. In Sarah, Plain and Tall the roof needs repaired and a storm is on the way. Jacob tells Sarah that he needs to fix the roof and she replies, "We will fix the roof." (46). Sarah and Caroline are both willing to do their share of work on the prairie. Caroline helps Charles build their house on the prairie. "Pa lifted one end of a log onto the wall, then Ma held it while he lifted the other end"(58). Sarah also insists that Jacob should teach her how to drive the wagon because she wants to go into town to get supplies.

Is Claudius Presented by Shakespeare as a Tragic Villain Without Any Redeeming Features? Essay

As the King, Shakespeare presents Claudius as an able ruler who is trying to prove his worthiness to his court. This is apparent in Act 1, Scene 2 in Claudius’ opening speech. Claudius can be seen as being sincere in this speech as he mentions the death of his brother: ‘bear our hearts in grief’ (page 15) and he also states that the country is ‘contracted in one brow of woe’ (page 15). His language could be interpreted as heartfelt in his opening speech as he feels genuine sorrow over his brother’s death. This is a redeeming feature as he appears to feel love towards his brother for mentioning him as he takes his place as King. The language Shakespeare uses in Claudius’ opening speech is dismissive about the threat that Denmark may face from Norway due to Fortinbras: ‘So much for him’ (page 17). This is because he wants to display his confidence as a leader and to calm the listeners. This contributes to Claudius’ redeeming features as he appears to be considerate towards the feelings of those within the court. He does not wish to worry them and therefore comes across as an able leader. It may be interpreted that Claudius is inferior to his predecessor and is trying to provide the court with the reassurance that he can follow on from the previous King. Hamlet states that Claudius is ‘no more like my father/Than I to Hercules’ (page 25). This imagery that Shakespeare uses shows the previous King as a stern warrior in the mold of classical Greek heroes. In contrast, Claudius is a corrupt politician whose weapon is his ability to manipulate others through his skillful use of language. Shakespeare structures juxtaposition between the setting of Act one, Scene ne and Act one, Scene two in order to show a contrast in the reality and the dream in Claudius’ mind. Act one, Scene one takes place outside the castle at the dead of night. This pathetic fallacy creates a foreboding and intense atmosphere, almost predicting the appearance of the Ghost. The Ghost represents the harsh reality that Claudius has to face and the reason for his feelings of guilt. Act one, Scene two contrasts with the previous scene as it takes place inside the castle, with Claudius at the centre. This is Claudius’ dream situation, that he is King of Denmark with Gertrude as his Queen. The dramatic change in setting between scenes makes Claudius appear more oblivious to the consequences of his actions, as he is now centre of attention as King. This disillusion that Claudius appears to be in may deter the audience, as he cannot accept the effect of his actions. Unlike the majority of speeches throughout the play, Claudius’ opening speech deviates from iambic pentameter. This reflects the disorder that Claudius has created because of the murder. Court life would ordinarily have order and tranquillity and the structure of Claudius’ speech does not reflect this. However, it can be seen that Claudius is trying to restore order through his speech as he settles the court over the threat of Fortinbras: ‘So much for him’ (page 17). However, this is unlikely as Claudius’ actions led to the destruction of many other characters and does not restore order. The fact that the speech itself does not fit in with the typical Shakespearean structure of iambic pentameter, could reflect that Claudius himself does not fit in as the King of Denmark as he disrupts the divine hierarchy. Claudius disrupts the Chain of Being, a hierarchy derived from Aristotle and Plato; this would have been followed during the Elizabethan time period. At the top of the chain are God and the angels; whilst at the bottom are plants and rocks. Claudius disrupts the hierarchy as he takes the place of the previous King by marrying the Queen and not being next in line to the throne: ‘†¦for which I did the murder/My crown, mine own ambition, and my Queen’ (page 165). This can be interpreted as a villainous act that was committed purely for the gain of Claudius. Such an act would be typical of a tragic villain as his acts lead to the downfall of the other characters. For example, Claudius’ actions lead to Hamlet receiving a visit from the Ghost and therefore feigning his madness in order to, eventually, avenge his fathers’ death. However, it is possible that Claudius is not a typical tragic villain. Claudius appears to feel guilt for murdering his brother, which is clear from his soliloquy in Act three, Scene three: ‘My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent’ (page 163). His attempted prayer proves he cannot be wholly evil if he seeks forgiveness for his sins. He does this although he is not a religious man: ‘Bow stubborn knees’ (page 165), which suggests he feels deep guilt and resentment over his actions for him to turn to religion for forgiveness. This is not typical of tragic villains, who tend not to be religious or feel any resentment for their behaviour. This could show that Claudius wishes to be saved from going to hell after his death, which would not be a typical concern of a Shakespearean villain. Claudius also creates peace with the other characters. For example, in his opening speech in Act one, Scene two, he is trying not to worry the court about the potential threat of Fortinbras, and in Act four, Scene five, Claudius tries to calm Laertes’ rage rather than encourage him to kill Hamlet. Such actions would not be typical of Shakespearean tragic villains, such as Iago from ‘Othello’. Iago feels no guilt for his actions against Cassio, Othello and Desdemona and is aware of the pain he is inflicting onto others. His actions against Othello also appear purposeless as it is never revealed why he dislikes him and wants him to suffer so much. Claudius is unlike Iago as he does feel guilt and his actions are indeed purposeful. Whereas most of the other important men in ‘Hamlet’ are preoccupied with ideas of justice, revenge, and moral balance, Claudius’ actions are focused on maintaining his power. Although Claudius is Hamlet’s antagonist, he does have a number of redeeming features. He appears to have genuine affection for Gertrude, as one of the reasons for the murder of the King was to marry her: ‘My crown†¦and my Queen’ (page 165). This also comes across in Act five, Scene two, as when Gertrude is about to drink the poisoned wine, he tells her ‘do not drink’ (page 281). Claudius is aware of the affection Gertrude feels for Hamlet and when trying to be rid of him, considers her feelings: ‘That as the star moves not but in his sphere/I could not but by her. ’ (page 223). The imagery that Shakespeare uses is very unlike Claudius’ character and more similar to Gertrude’s. The imagery of spheres, that at the time where believed to revolve around the Earth containing heavenly bodies, shows that Claudius has love for Gertrude and could not live without her. Claudius also appears to care for Hamlet to some extent. He appears to be concerned for Hamlet’s well-being, as he brings in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in order to work out the cause of his ‘transformation’ (page 77). However, some may argue this is just an excuse for Claudius to discover whether or not Hamlet may know the truth of his father’s death. He thinks Hamlet’s madness is ‘More than his father’s death’ (page 77) and therefore wants to uncover the reason behind it. It can be seen that Hamlet’s madness is feigned and he does this purposely to see if Claudius is becoming suspicious of his actions. For example, in Act three, Scene two after witnessing Claudius’ outburst when the Player King is killed, Claudius demands for the lights: ‘Give me some light – away! ’ (page 153). This could be seen as an expression of emotion as Claudius feels tremendous guilt over his brother’s death or as a way of not allowing anyone else to gain suspicion in him through the play. Other interpretations of Claudius that the audience receive are from the other characters. Shakespeare presents grotesque and vile imagery used by Hamlet and the Ghost to describe Claudius. When Hamlet sees the Ghost in Act one, Scene five, the Ghost uses imagery of disease and corruption to describe Claudius and his actions: ‘Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast’ (page 51). Shakespeare uses the word ‘beast’ in reference to a cuckold. In Elizabethan times, if a woman were to have an affair, the husband would be known as a cuckold with horns to represent their foolishness in â€Å"losing† their wives. This imagery contrasts with the audience’s first interpretation of Claudius where Shakespeare presents him as a competent leader. This is the only alternate view that the reader receives in the play as both Hamlet and the Ghost have reason for hating Claudius. The view that Shakespeare gives them will have been fogged by their hatred of him and not give a fair representation of Claudius’ character. To conclude, Claudius is not a typical tragic villain due to his feelings of guilt and his consideration of others. The representation the reader receives from other characters is not a fair interpretation due to their abhorrence of him. Bibliography Heinemann Advanced Shakespeare – ‘Hamlet’ sparknotes. com sirbacon. org – F. C. Hunt interpretation

Bioinformatics: BioEdit

One of the primary needs of man, in terms of the cognitive and psychological aspects of life, is to understand himself and other forms of life in order to determine each other’s role and place as inhabitants on earth with unique physiological, anatomical, and most importantly in this case, biological features which exhibit major differences from each other, setting the stage for discovering the quintessential facets of life.This particular need of man had been provided for due to the capacity of Science and Technology to allow him to obtain relevant and comprehensive facts that are rational and quantifiable in nature to develop an organized body of knowledge that provides reliable and valid information about human life, as well as other species on the planet, particularly on the measure of how life is formed, transformed, and reproduced.Under these pretexts, the importance of information is framed pertaining to its connection with the field of biology, specifically under the f ramework of Molecular Biology, Genetics, Computer Science, IT, and Statistics. (Ramsden, 2004) Aside from the purpose of collating reliable and valid information to provide man with an open access to facts or data for the purpose of cognitive enlightenment and sustenance of psychological needs, and so on, solving various issues and problems confronting man and other species on earth may also be addressed through the information-gathering process.Not only does it contribute to the field of Molecular Biology or Genetics for instance, but the processes of obtaining pertinent and comprehensive data are advantageous in addressing concerns in various fields, including Health Care and Medicine, Farming, Agriculture and environmental concerns, Nutrition, Food Processing and Production, and so on. (Hyman, 2003) The process of resolving these multiple issues that affect almost all major fields or industries start by focusing attention on gathering and analyzing information which may be initia lly categorized under Molecular Biology, and then subsequently, Genetics.The next step constitutes the synthesis and organization of information in order to develop theoretical approaches and practical strategies for problem-solving purposes. However, positioning the theoretical framework of Molecular Biology into practical environments and realizing its purpose of obtaining information to contribute to various fields and industries have never been easy. One should not expect that gathering information from various life forms is a trouble-free task.Since molecular and biological information covers a vast scope, (Bommarius & Riebel, 2004) and information obtained requires meaningful, factual, and systematic observations, interpretations, analyses, and synthesis, the necessity for developing a tool or a system to manage the various processes involved, such as the information-gathering, the storage and retrieval of data, the management of data, and so on, (Ramsden, 2004) was realized.T hrough the fusion of technology, particularly Information Technology or IT, Computer Science, Statistics, and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics came about addressing problems that challenged the informational system of Biology. With the development of Bioinformatics, scientists, particularly molecular biologists and geneticists, have founded an efficient way to create a database of pertinent information obtained under the application of Molecular Biology since its inception, wherein facts and data gathered may be stored and organized for future access or retrieval.(Ramsden, 2004) Moreover, through services provided by Bioinformatics, it allows scientists to organize and synthesize information meaningfully for rational and relevant evaluations and assessments of facts in order to arrive at substantial results that lead to the formation of sound conclusions and generalizations. Bioinformatics therefore focus on the organization of facts and data, the synthesis of this information to d evelop bodies of knowledge, and finally, the evaluation and assessment of facts or data in order to formulate pertinent theories and strategies in addressing biological concerns across multiple disciplines.(Bommarius & Riebel, 2004) With these information on Bioinformatics in mind, the remainder of this discussion shall be devoted to discussing the history of Bioinformatics, the role of Computer Science, Information Technology, Molecular Biology, and Statistics in the development, sustenance, functioning, and efficiency of Bioinformatics, and an evaluation of a Bioinformatics tool or software in relation to its goals or objectives, its interface, available application features and characteristics, additional services, and so on.A SHORT HISTORY IN BIOINFORMATICS Due to the influx of information from numerous research studies conducted by scientists under the coverage of Molecular Biology, the ongoing process has fueled the need for the development of a system that shall be able to or ganize and collate information – that is, Bioinformatics.From Tiselius’ design of the process of electrophoresis, to the development of the alpha-helix by Pauling and Corey, and consequently the improvement of Pauling and Corey’s model to the double-helix by Watson and Crick, developments on protein crystallography, the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network or ARPANET, the creation of molecular models, and so on, these various events and situations were taken collectively developing the need and recommendation for the creation of a model or framework that will handle information simultaneously, efficiently, and reliably.(Sadek, 2004) From the developments and discoveries of new information based on the processes and techniques employed in the field of Molecular Biology, supported by the attention and interest granted to computers and technology during the eighties because of the dawn of the era of technology, the role of Bioinformatics was re alized, emphasized, and consequently developed. Scientists, as well as various organizations, industries, academic institutions, and such, have continued to develop and improve Bioinformatics.The results constitute the engineering of various applications or softwares since the concept of Bioinformatics was framed during the seventies. Each program or application that was structured were designed to carry out multifarious and specific tasks and responsibilities including DNA sequencing or mapping, the organization of data according to priorities, use, needs, concerns, problems, etc. Some of these applications or softwares include the PC/GENE, PROSITE, SEQANALREF, etc.(Agarwal, 200-) At present time, Bioinformatics continue to evolve and develop as man consciously obtains more complex information and experience developments from previous knowledge and established theories or concepts. In addition, as numerous problems and conflicts related to Biology and its practical application incl uding lessons or concepts arise, Bioinformatics as a practical and essential field in Science and Technology will continue to look for solutions in order to address these concerns.The changing landscape of society, particularly its move from traditionalism and individualism to modernization and globalization, influences changes and transformations in Bioinformatics. BIOINFORMATICS: Molecular Biology, Computer Science, IT, and Statistics In order to deeply understand how Bioinformatics work, we need to go over the structure and features of the subfields that it constitutes, such as Molecular Biology, Computer Science, IT, and Statistics. Molecular Biology is a branch of Science that deals with the analysis of various molecules within living things in general.Various types of cells from man, animals, and plants are studied and analyzed in order to determine molecular compositions, and consequently learn determine their structures and compositions, their reactions to other molecules an d substances found within living things, their functions and contributions to human life, or life in general including plants and animals, and so on. Molecular Biology also studies Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA compositions of living things as they contribute knowledge and information on Genetics.This particular aspect focuses on structuring how molecules reproduce through DNA replication within a cell. (Hyman, 2003) Computer Science and IT are both products of the fusion between Science and Technology. They function because of the build-up of information that constitutes Molecular Biology for the purposes of quantifying and qualifying facts and data into meaningful sequences, models, or formations that may be interpreted, analyzed, and synthesized.Some of the specific contributions of Computer Science and IT include the storage, construction, and reconstruction of DNA sequences, a thorough genome analysis by accessing various related information in databases managed by IT, the const ruction of graphic organizers or visual representations of information for clarity and direct presentation of facts, the timely and efficient transfer and receipt of information across databases and information systems, and the collation of variable information about protein sequences. (Keedwell & Narayanan, 2005)Statistics, as a mathematical and scientific approach to analyzing and interpreting data, contributes to Bioinformatics by allowing scientists to test the weight or magnitude of information and provide quantifiable data that may be interpreted according to established standards or guidelines. Information, facts, or data, obtained through experiments and consequently, the findings obtained by molecular biologists from thorough analysis and evaluation an in depth research studies are labeled with values leading to the formulation of estimates, predictions, or likelihoods of the occurrence of various phenomena.Moreover, Statistics is important in allowing computers and various technologies to determine how facts or data are to be translated in order to arrive at scientific conclusions of generalizations. (Ramsden, 2004) By and large, the unique features and contributions of these fields in Science, Technology, and Mathematics, meld together in order to build the foundations of Bioinformatics.Information from Molecular Biology are utilized and transformed to numerical data through Statistics, and both informational statements and figures are stored in computers and other technologies including IT systems or processes, IT functions, standards, guidelines, etc. for easy access and retrieval, synthesis, analysis, and interpretation, and are consequently managed through IT systems and processes. BIOEDITBioEdit is a software application made available for Windows Operating Systems that is used to reconstruct how DNA, nucleic acids, and amino acids are arranged in order to follow the superlative sequence of these substances based on rules and standards derived from previous studies and analyses by molecular biologists and geneticists. Aside from these functions, BioEdit also runs to provide users with graphic simulators that construct drawings or illustrations, chartings and mappings, etc. , BLAST searches, and alignments.(Salemi & Vandamme, 2003 and Tsai, 2002) Coverage and Value of BioEdit to Bioinformatics The study of Molecular Biology necessitates the in depth analysis and evaluation of molecules and their various compositions found in living things, particularly proteins or amino acids which were then identified to be the edifices of life. As time passed, molecular biologists realized the importance of going beyond the study of protein or amino acid structures, and focus on DNA and other nucleic acids which map out how life is formed, transformed, or reproduced.The study of the two most important molecular structures in living things – amino acids and nucleic acids – forms the foundation of Molecular Biology, as well a s Genetics, as fields of science. (Horobin, 2003) In studying these acids, molecular biologists and geneticists need to determine their composition, structures, and sequences in order to identify how they are formed and identify their respective roles in building life. (Horobin, 2003) For the purpose of deeply understanding the importance of sequencing and realignment in Molecular Biology, as well as Genetics, we will focus on the subject of DNA.Molecular Biologists and Geneticists utilize the process of DNA sequencing by following established methodologies and standards. Because of enormous funding obtained from both public and private sectors that are extremely interested in advancing the field of genome sequencing, particularly for purposes of genetic modification and cloning, the DNA sequencing methodology has been continuously evolving in order to adapt new findings and trends that raise its reliability, validity, and efficiency. (Griffin & Griffin, 1994)Sequencing and realignm ent of data and samples help Molecular Biologists and Geneticists create various patterns of DNA links or formation, assemble or disassemble structures for a deeper or more thorough analysis, create a map or graphic organizer which will instantly illustrate how enzymes or other substances are formed from base samples such as DNA, analyses of DNA samples and sequences in order to predict outcomes in protein formation, analyses of protein or amino acids in order to determine their specific features or characteristics, look for other structures or sequences within the database with similar characteristics and formations with the sample, and consequently aligning similar structures or sequences together in order to predict reactions, growth and development, and so on. (Griffin & Griffin, 1994)Results from the sequencing, alignment, or realignment processes that are primary accomplished by resorting to bioinformatics tools such as BioEdit, constitute the information for proper DNA sequen ces in order to identify anomalies or flaws in other models or structures. This is most important in the field of medicine and health because it helps professionals determine serious diseases or illnesses that might be passed on through heredity, varying genes in order to alter anomalies or flaws within its structures, and such. Sequences and alignments also help further genetic cloning because it provides relevant information on how life may be reproduced in the process. Other practical uses of DNA sequencing and alignment include the improvement product formation, by determining how the formation of genes may be developed gearing towards constructiveness, particularly in the food industry. (Walker & Rapley, 2000)BioEdit, as a tool for sequencing and aligning various molecules or substances such as DNA, nucleic acids, amino acids, etc. , is therefore extremely important in the realization of the goals of Molecular Biology and Genetics. Through its comprehensive services and feature s aside from sequencing and aligning, the application is able to help molecular biologists and geneticists thoroughly analyze sequences for various purposes aforementioned, consequently advancing not only their respective fields but other scientific industries as well including health care and medicine, psychology and behavior, farming and agriculture, food processing and production, genetics, etc. BioEdit: The ApplicationBioEdit is available for free download from various online sources offering different versions, including tutorials and general databases for the purpose of comparing sequences. For this reason, BioEdit appears to be instrumental in one’s accomplishment of various tasks and responsibilities that are associated to the study of DNA, amino acids, nucleic acids, etc. because the software is readily available for users who need access to such Bioinformatics tools. In addition, there are several online tutorials that will help one in learning how to use the applic ation appropriately and efficiently. For this particular evaluation, BioEdit 7. 0. 9 was used and downloaded from http://www. mbio. ncsu.edu/BioEdit/BioEdit. html. (Hall, 2007) Although there are online tutorials available for new users, handling BioEdit is quite difficult. One cannot easily use BioEdit the first time because there is a need to go over terminologies, exploring the functions and requirements of running BioEdit. For instance, the Accessory Application tab contains various commands or protocols that are unfamiliar to new users, unless they have comprehensive experiences in handling other applications or programs with similar interface. In order to begin working with BioEdit, one must know what BLAST is, CAP or Contig Assembly Program, a Protein Distance Matrix, and so on.Moreover, there is a need for new users to familiarize themselves with various goals and objectives that should be accomplished in using BioEdit in order to determine which tools found in the tabs shal l be used and how databases shall be drawn from the World Wide Web for thorough analysis, alignment, or comparison of sequences. One beneficial attribute of BioEdit include the availability of links to online sets that provide databases such as the Vector Database, the PHYLIP Homepage, the RNase P Database, and so on. In addition, BioEdit allows users to utilize sequences in various formats and read and access numerous sequences that may be imported from other sources. BioEdit does not also limit users to the built-in services that come with the download of the program because it opens itself to upgrades by downloading other complementary or helper applications.When it comes to the actual utilization of tools offered by the BioEdit becomes highly useful because it is able to carry out basic tasks, such as editing of sequences from samples, translating the compositions and formation of sequences, the alignment of sequences to multiple sources, and so on. Although the BioEdit is quite difficult to use in the beginning, going over tutorials and Read Me files from online websites is useful in order to familiarize oneself with the interface of the program. Moreover, it offers various tools that completes several tasks and provides access to numerous databases that may be used for many purposes. The following screenshots were obtained from the website wherein BioEdit was used to fulfill various tasks and functions including Split alignment, Hydrophobicity Plots, and Plasmid drawing and annotation. (Hall, 2007)

Explore Antarcticas Hidden Lake Vostok

Explore Antarcticas Hidden Lake Vostok One of the largest lakes on planet Earth is an extreme environment hidden beneath a thick glacier near the South Pole. Its called Lake Vostok, buried beneath nearly four kilometers of ice on Antarctica. This frigid environment has been hidden from sunlight and Earths atmosphere for millions of years. From that description, it sounds like the lake would be an icy trap devoid of life. Yet, despite its hidden location and terribly inhospitable environment, Lake Vostok teems with thousands of unique organisms. They range from tiny microbes to fungi and bacteria, making Lake Vostok a fascinating case study in how life survives in hostile temperatures and high pressure. Finding Lake Vostok The existence of this sub-glacial lake took the world by surprise. It was first found by an aerial photographer from Russia who noticed a large smooth impression near the South Pole in East Antarctica. Followup radar scans in the 1990s confirmed that something was buried under the ice. The newly discovered lake turned out to be quite large: 230 kilometers (143 miles long) and 50 km (31 miles) wide. From its surface to the bottom, it is 800 meters (2,600) feet deep, buried under miles of ice. Lake Vostok and Its Water There are no subterranean or sub-glacial rivers feeding Lake Vostok. Scientists have determined that its sole source of water is melted ice from the ice sheet that hides the lake. Theres also no way for its water to escape, making Vostok a breeding ground for underwater life. Advanced mapping of the lake, using remote sensing instruments, radar, and other geologic research tools, show that the lake sits on a ridge, which may be harboring heat in a hydrothermal vent system. That geothermal heat (generated by molten rock beneath the surface) and the pressure of the ice on top of the lake keep the water at a constant temperature. The Zoology of Lake Vostok When Russian scientists drilled cores of ice out from above the lake to study the gases and ices laid down during different periods of Earths climate, they brought samples of frozen lake water up for study. Thats when the life forms of Lake Vostok were first discovered. The fact that these organisms exist in the lake water, which, at -3 ° C, is somehow not frozen solid, raises questions about the environment in, around, and under the lake. How do these organisms survive in these temperatures? Why hasnt the lake frozen over? Scientists have now studied the lakes water for decades. In the 1990s, they began to find microbes there, along with other types of miniature life, including fungi (mushroom-type life), eukaryotes (the first organisms with true nuclei), and assorted multicellular life. Now, it appears that more than 3,500 species live in the lakes water, in its slushy surface, and in its frozen muddy bottom. Without sunlight, Lake Vostoks living community of organisms (called extremophiles, because they thrive in extreme conditions), rely on chemicals in rocks and heat from the geothermal systems to survive. This isnt terribly different from other such life forms found elsewhere on Earth. In fact, planetary scientists suspect that such organisms could thrive very easily in extreme conditions on icy worlds in the solar system. The DNA of Lake Vostoks Life Advanced DNA studies of the Vostokians indicate that these extremophiles are typical of both freshwater and saltwater environments and they somehow find a way to live in the cold waters. Interestingly, while the Vostok life forms are thriving on chemical food, they themselves are identical to bacteria that live inside of fish, lobsters, crabs, and some types of worms. So, while the Lake Vostok life forms may be isolated now, they are clearly connected to other forms of life on Earth. They also make a good population of organisms to study, as scientists ponder whether or not similar life exists elsewhere in the solar system, particularly in the oceans beneath the icy surface of Jupiters moon, Europa. Lake Vostok is named for Vostok Station, commemorating a Russian sloop used by Admiral Fabian von Bellingshausen, who sailed on voyages to discover Antartica. The word means east in Russian. Since its discovery, scientists have been surveying the under-ice landscape of the lake and the surrounding region. Two more lakes have been found, and that now raises the question about connections between these otherwise-hidden bodies of water. In addition, scientists are still debating the history of the lake, which appears to have formed at least 15 million years ago and was covered over by thick blankets of ice. The surface of Antarctica above the lake routinely experiences very cold weather, with temperatures dipping down to -89 ° C. The biology of the lake continues to be a major source of research, with scientists in the U.S., Russia, and Europe, studying the water and its organisms closely to understand their evolutionary and biological processes. Continued drilling poses a risk to the ecosystem of the lake since contaminants such as antifreeze will harm the organisms of the lake. Several alternatives are being examined, including hot-water drilling, which may be somewhat safer, but it  still poses a danger to lake life.

How to Make the Most of Facebook Advertising [PODCAST]

How to Make the Most of Facebook Advertising [PODCAST] Facebook: Nearly a quarter of the entire world’s population uses it, and over two-thirds of those users checks in every day. Chances are good that your customers are using the social media giant. Facebook advertising is a great opportunity for you to connect with your audience. Today we’re going to be chatting with ’s own inbound marketer, Rachel Wiinanen, about how to create high-converting ads, how to test your hypotheses, how to organize your behind-the-scenes processes, and how to measure your success. You won’t want to miss it! Information about and what Rachel does here as the inbound marketer. How Rachel approaches her advertising strategy on Facebook. How Rachel gets creative with both the visuals and the text on Facebook ads. Thoughts about A/B testing: how Rachel does it, why it’s important, and some surprises she’s encountered along the way. Key metrics to measure when evaluating the performance of your ads as well as some tools to use. How Rachel works within a budget for her Facebook ads. Rachel’s best tips on staying organized, planning, and keeping track of everything ad-related. Where a newbie to Facebook ads should start if they want to begin using the platform as part of their marketing strategy. Links: Previous episode with Rachel Kissmetrics Google Analytics If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Rachel: â€Å"Facebook is a huge opportunity that a lot of marketers aren’t necessarily taking advantage of to the level that they could.† â€Å"If you have that goal-first mentality, you are setting yourself up for more success. Really, budget shouldn’t be your limitation.† â€Å"With Facebook being such a social platform, it’s all about the individual. Focus on really hitting down who your target persona is. Start there.†

Risk-managemnt policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk-managemnt policy - Case Study Example Another breach that the organization endured during the course of its operations was an inside job where personal data was stolen. This was achieved through the weak access-control policies that are utilized within the organization which allowed unauthorized individual access to valuable data (Case Study). This paper dwells on ascertaining whether the policy implemented will be effective in ensuring that the customer and organization’s information is adequately secured from future security breaches. This policy will be important because it will help in restoring the customers confidence in the organization’s handling of their confidential data and financial assets. It is also vital since it provides authority and accountability to specific people concerning the authority of disclosing or sharing the information in the organization. According to Calder, Watkins & Watkins, the organizations governing body has to give powers along with the necessary authority to a system administrator who will be the only person who can access the organization’s data. The security on the organization’s customer’s confidential information will be enforced through the use of passwords which will remain known only to their systems administrator (2010). In addition, the systems administrator within the organization will be solely responsible for disclosing any information to any authorized personnel who may require it. To enhance the data’s security further, the syst em administrator will be required to utilize several data encryption techniques. This will include encryption techniques like the creation of block ciphers, feistel cipher structures and the utilization of other advanced encryption standards. These techniques will help in ensuring that unauthorized people within the organization cannot interpret the meaning of the data. This will further prevent them from

Various concepts that revolve around knowledge Essay

Various concepts that revolve around knowledge - Essay Example New born babies have little to contemplate on. Due to interaction with the environment, they learn new things depending on their senses. In some instances, they imitate what others do and repeat familiar words. In this sense, it can be argued that knowledge has actually to have some foundations. It is through memory that people perceive about things. For example, one can be able to tell or predict existence of a lion even without seeing it by just hearing its roaring sound. This can be linked with past experiences where one saw a loin roaring. Therefore the past experience or encounter with a lion could act as a foundation of knowing what a lion is and how it roars. On the other hand, the past encounters with a lion and knowing that that was a lion can be linked with some past images seen on pictures or stories told by other people. Therefore, it can be argued that although one could have knowledge of what a lion is through other means, the personal encounter with it enriches the kno wledge. With this in mind, it is apparent that knowledge has to begin somewhere. The concepts and theories below are well articulated to bring out this argument to light. The philosophy of the social sciences is considered to have played a key role in the development and formation of the knowledge (Papanutsos and Anton 1968). Theories that explain knowledge does not have a sole issue to explain about. Instead, they present meta-theoretical debates. Meta-theory does not explain a specific object, event or activity; it involves a series of empirical real world practices as the object analysis. In early learning theories, main focus is on behaviorism. For people to be able to learn and remember new things, some things are... The paper tells that the philosophy of the social sciences is considered to have played a key role in the development and formation of the knowledge. Theories that explain knowledge does not have a sole issue to explain about. Instead, they present meta-theoretical debates. Meta-theory does not explain a specific object, event or activity; it involves a series of empirical real world practices as the object analysis. In early learning theories, main focus is on behaviorism. For people to be able to learn and remember new things, some things are considered to take place in the learning process. Some of these things are explained by behavioral and constructivism theories which focus their attentions on acquired factors that help the learner acquire knowledge. These two theories use idea of external factors that affects ones capacity to acquire and store the new knowledge. To these two theories, mental representations are the real images that we see around us which we perceive. The stor age and interpretation of those images would not be possible without our mental representations. The mental representations are the ones that help us learn, store, and remember the information. The principle of simplicity states that subjectivity is the best and simple hence economical than many competing and complicated theories that explain morality. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophical thought that deals with issues of fundamental nature of reality and what lies beyond the experience

Theorem of Pythagoras in Mathematics Math Problem

Theorem of Pythagoras in Mathematics - Math Problem Example When I talk about the diagonal of the square, or the nine-point circle, or the Euler line, I am not talking about the often rather sketchy and highly imperfect drawing on the blackboard, but about something which underlies all particular exemplifications of squares and diagonals, nine-point circles, or Euler lines, and is independent of each of them" 2. The very fact that we use the definite article, and talk of the square, the nine-point circle, etc., bears witness to this; and by the same token, it would be absurd to ask where the square was, or to ask when the nine-point center came to be on the Euler line, or to suggest that Pythagoras' theorem might hold for you but not for me. So Plato's answer to the question "What is mathematics about" is that it is about something timeless, spaceless and objective 3. Among the five postulates which Euclid wanted us to grant the fifth one is "If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the angles less than two right angles. ... aight lines makes the interior angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the angles less than two right angles. "These were generally taken to express self-evident truths. This is somewhat surprising, in that the first three are not really propositions at all, but instructions expressed in the infinitive, and the last too complex to be self-evident no finite man can see it to be true, because no finite man can see indefinitely far to make sure that the two lines actually do meet in every case. Many other formulations of the fifth postulate have been offered, both in the ancient and in the modern world, in the hope of their being more self-evidently true"4 . Among them the most notable was "In a right-angled triangle, the square on the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares on the other two sides" 5. Fig 1.1 6 The alternative formulations of the fifth postulate of the theorem are less cumbersome and may be more acceptable than Euclid's own version, but none of them are so self-evident that they cannot be questioned. The importance of Pythagoras proposed theorem can be seen from the fact that Pythagoras' theorem is far from being obviously true, something that should be granted without more ado, it does not need any further justifications. "In fact, none of the other alternative formulations was felt to be completely obvious, and they all seemed in need of some kind of further justification. The philosophers Wallis and Saccheri in search of a better justification, devoted years to trying to prove the fifth postulate by a reductio ad absurdum, assuming it to be false and trying to derive a contradiction. The attempt failed, but in the course of it he unwittingly discovered