The Rise And Fall Of Henry Fords Forgotten Jungle City

Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City Henry Ford may be best known as the founder of Ford Motor Company and as the creator of the first model-T, but what you may not know, is that he owned 25 million acres of land in the Amazon, where he attempted to establish the largest rubber plantation in the world. Greg Grandin, in his book Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City, talks about Ford as an idealist who took on many projects and was determined to see them succeed; focusing chiefly on the discussion of his rubber plantation project. Henry Ford controlled most of the raw materials he needed to manufacture his cars. This included lumber, coal, and iron oar to be made into steel.†¦show more content†¦This was the case when Brazil was the number one exporter of rubber, but the boom of rubber production in Asia was so considerable, that Brazil could no longer compete. In 1927 Ford sent a botanist named LaRou, to survey the land in Brazil and find a suitable location for rubber production. He was responsible as well for reporting the condition of the rubber tappers in the area, who were â€Å"fever stricken †¦ [having] horrible wounds and sores on their legs and feet. They [were] always nearly naked, covered merely by rags†(p.88). Upon hearing of the poverty of the workers, it became more of a social project than an economic one. Besides establishing a profitable rubber plantation, his objective became to establish â€Å"model towns†. His mission was to civilize the people, while having them obey his rules. Ford acquired 25 million acres of amazon forests along the Tapajos River. The town that he created is now known as Fordlandia. In that town, he funded the building of a hospital, as well as a water purification plant to provide the employees with clean drinking water. He also tried to improve their nutrition, teach them proper hygiene, and teach them to be economical while paying them decent wages.

My Organizational Culture Workshop Model - 1646 Words

This paper references the Using Biblical Insights And Leadership To Understand And Improve Your Organizational Culture workshop model. This paper will introduce, give foundational support for, and walk through the workshop. Workshop The intent of this workshop is to help individuals better understand the value of understanding their organization’s culture, how to effectively apply culture change, and biblical foundations for culture change and leadership during said process. These topics are importance today because of the tumultuous and rapidly changing environment that organizations operate within (Hughes, Beatty, Dinwoodie, 2005). These topics create a strategic mindset for leaders to recognize their current and desired culture and make the correct steps toward lasting success. Foundations for the Workshop Because of the world today, Hughes wrote, â€Å"the best way for organizations to thrive in the face of this new reality is to become continual learning engines† (Hughes et al., 2005, pg. 3). One of the ways an organization can become a â€Å"learning engine† is to understand their own culture. This creates direction, alignment and commitment for the organization as it moves in its desired direction. This pushes an organization to become agile and resilient, which allow an organization to meet the demands of a competitive environment (Hughes et al., 2005). 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Environment Is Affected By Over Consumption of Natural Resources

Question: How The Environment Is Affected By Over Consumption Of Natural Resources? Answer: Introduction Sustainability as a concept involves three main aspects, ecological health, economic welfare and social equity. It not only lays emphasis on the ethical commitment of the wellbeing of contemporary societies but also of the future generations. It suggests that in the process of making decisions, societies that have good quality life have a responsibility to ensure that contemporary, future and less well-off can meet their basic needs and have opportunities to enhance their lives. Communities are applying to plan urban areas, solve energy problems, develop green spaces, address waste disposal and reinvigorate local communities (DesJardins, 2007). The concept sustainability has its foundation in the crisis of development. International development schemes have failed to improve the lives of impoverished people around the globe. Sustainability remains inherently difficult to be achieved due to its complexity, and it is increasingly difficult to the maze of issues that face us (Sestini, 2012). Humanity faces a future with vast array of concerns including blowback effects from disposal of synthetic chemicals, potentially appalling consequences because of climate change, shortages of potable water, and depleted fisheries. In examining sustainability, the relationship between natural resources and consumption is an issue that has to be explored. The increase in population and per capita consumption is challenging Earths carrying capacity. Most basic resources, land, energy, biota and water, are not unlimited in their supplies, and as human population and consumption increases, they are rapidly being depleted. Moreover, human-driven practices intended to satisfy peoples needs are increasingly reducing the capacity of the ecology to fulfill these needs. The effects of over consumption of resources on the environment are invariably multiple, long-lasting, and unforeseeable. The results of these actions manifest after many year or centuries. The risks and costs of ecosystem disruptions are deferred to future generations. It is impossible to know the long-term effects due to the complexity of the web of life (Ayestarn, 2010). Environmental impact is tied to affluence for societies and individuals. As wealth and technology grow so does per capita resource usage. Greater opulence results in more consumption of food, energy and more garbage production(York, 2009). Thus people in wealthier regions consume more than those in poor sectors. Even within the same area, the consumption degree of a prosperous resident is more than poorer ones. Affluent people have greater ecological and economic footprints compared to deprived individuals. Corporations largely influence environmental sustainability since they are the biggest consumers of natural resources. To achieve sustainability, they should, first, implement a policy that ensures yearly reductions of emissions synthetic, solid waste and substances from the Earths crust. Second, decrease dependence on resources extraction and instead use recycled materials. Third, introduce a review to help in reducing the non-renewable portion of the resources stream and maximize resource efficiency. Fourth, assess the life cycle of their products to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of production decisions. Fifth, set effective restrictions on the use of substance from the Earths crust as well as their extraction (Baumgrtner and Quaas, 2010). Social implications People should recognize their responsibility to future generations, and they should not satisfy their immediate needs at the expense of future generations. They should acknowledge and affirm an obligation to persons who remain incapable of actively expressing their interests (Liu et al., 2015). Their inability to take part in the process of making decisions should not negate the obligation to consider their rights and needs. The same applies to peoples responsibility to those separated from them by geographic, social and political boundaries. Many people are unable to actively represent their views concerning decisions that most affect their lives owing to geo-political or social-economic reasons. They lack the necessary resources to ensure their opinions are heard and noted. Although such people are relatively powerless their rights to sustainable occupations that are not laden with disparate environmental threats remain intact (Kolk, 2008). Economic effects A major value in economics is efficiency which entails minimizing costs while maximizing profits. Many organizations in a drive to increase productivity have mechanized their business activities and reduced the number of workers. As a result, there are high levels of unemployment and more workload for those doing the work. Further, high volumes of productivity consume natural resources and produce more waste. Nature as capital is a reserve of resources that produces a constant supply of natural goods and services. Trees as assets, for instance, yield timber that is used in for paper products, energy conversion and lumber. Water as an asset provides fish for consumption and water for industrial uses and drinking needs. Such natural stocks should be sustainably utilized to ensure indefinite production of valuable natural goods and services. However, overexploitation of a stock leads to its depletion since the nature resource is incapable of regenerating the stock at a fast rate. The natural income it generates flow of services and goods becomes exhausted. Further exploitation of the stock diminishes its natural capital. In the end, the exhaustion of natural resources leaves one neither capital nor proceeds. Future generations may face diminishing returns as a result of current generations depleting natural capital. The predicament facing humanity is dire because of the massive ecological debt as a result of exhausting natural capital. Future generations will be enforced to settle this debt which is unfair as well as undemocratic. It is reasonable to suppose that future generations would not approve being laden with the reparation of a debt whose benefits they did not enjoy. Had they an opportunity to vote on the matter, they would not approve ecological debts (Krishna, Dangayach and Jainabc, 2011). Ethical problems connected with over consumption of natural resources First, there are vast disproportions in per capita consumption of natural resources between different nations and world segments. People in affluent countries consume ten times more than inhabitants in developing countries. In the present society, there is an unfair distribution of benefits and risks. These ethical concerns fall under the distributive justice theory. The theory asserts that the distribution of resources ought to be fair and correct. The distributive justice theory is also concerned with the fair distribution of merits and demerits including risks. Currently, the underprivileged and the powerless members of society are more disposed to environmental risks such as exposure to toxic material or high levels of pollution in their locality or work settings. Affluence tends to accrue at the higher levels of the socio-economic continuum, le risks accumulate at the lower levels(Biedenweg, Monroe and Oxarart, 2013). Second, humanity owes the future societies a world that is not largely diminished of its life-supporting capacity. Over exploitation of resource without regarding future generations also falls under the distributive theory. The theory posits that there should be a fair and correct distribution of resources between generations (Wright and Bennett, 2011). Surveying or consulting future generations as to their needs and wants is not possible, however, assumptions can be made. People can assume that they will need a meaningful income, physical security, decent housing, nutritious food, health, education and a life-supporting globe. Additionally, they will need to enjoy the scenic beauty as well the chance to develop culturally, technologically and scientifically (Crane and Matten, 2016). Significant opportunities and threats for business Businesses that depend on nature for raw materials are flourishing since the materials are free. The only costs organizations incur in purchasing the necessary machinery. The two primary categories of natural resources are renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable materials include timber to produce timber and furniture and agricultural products and fish which serve as food for people and livestock (Kibert et al., 2011. ). Agricultural related businesses are doing well since the materials they derive from nature are renewable. Non-renewable resources include metal ores for manufacturing machinery, construction industry materials for constructing roads and houses and fossil fuels that provide energy. Companies are rapidly depleting these resources, and thus there is a need to consider using alternative raw materials. For instance, firms and people should utilize energy sources that are renewable wind and solar (Saltaji, 2013). However, the rapidly growing demand for non-renewable resources has caused an unprecedented increase in resource value. Businesses which own the raw material deposits are profiting from this situation and are trading resources at higher prices. Regions with a relative scarcity of resources are negatively affected and have to pay high prices for the resources. When organizations reach the peak of extraction of various resources, the materials will decrease, and their extraction will be restricted. Some materials will not be available since they will have been fully depleted. These will adversely affect businesses, and some will have to be closed due to unavailability of raw materials. Solutions to the ethical problems Resources should be used in efficiently and fairly for people around the world to meet their basic human needs. Humanity should consider the entire world and be efficient regarding how they use resources and manage waste to ensure sustainability. If some people have inadequate resources and on the other hand other persons have excess, it is imbalanced regarding meeting rudimentary human necessities. To achieve sustainability, people should share while striving to live using fewer resources. Also, improve the organizational and technical efficiency to facilitate equitable distribution of resources. Additionally, improving how people address the increase of human population plays a significant role in ensuring sustainability of natural resources (Krainer, 2011). To ensure sustainability of ecological diversity, humans should avoid systematically destroying the habitat of other species. Biodiversity offers the basic ecological services that are needed to ensure sustainability of life on this sphere. The sustainability of society depends on the continuing ability of nature to renew resources and convert waste into useful resources. Therefore, humans should avoid taking more than can be replenished by the natural system (Manzini, 2006). Human activities such as mining metals and minerals and burning fossil fuels, should not transpire at a degree that causes the increase of harmful substances in the ecosphere. The problems that result from materials from the Earths crust accumulating in the ecology include contamination of ground and surface water, rise in greenhouse gases resulting to global climate change and increase in metal toxins (Meijboom and Brom, 2012). Therefore, society needs to implement programs for recycling mineral and metal and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Barriers to management of natural resources Prime resources function independently, and each can be used to some extent to make up for the partial deficiency of one or more of the others. For instance, desert land can be irrigated for agricultural production. However, this is a viable strategy if surface or ground water is available, there is sufficient energy to pump the water, and if the soil is fertile enough to support crop growth and is suitable for irrigation. The productiveness of nutrient deficient soil can be improved by great inputs of fossil fuel fertilizers. However, the practice increases reliance on finite fossil fuels. A more basic issue is that approximately 3000 years are required for the natural restructuring of the topsoil to 15 mm depth necessary for satisfactory agricultural production. Although some innovative technologies and ecological management practices are improving the use of resources, there are limits to their functions. For instance, the availability of bigger nets, faster and larger ships, has not lead to rising in fish production. Similarly, obtainability and use of large, efficient saws do not result in the increase in forest production and regrowth. Conclusion The moral principles of sustainability do not aim to mere existence; to live sustainably entails enjoying and preserving the high quality and opulent diversity of life. In this respect, peoples responsibility to future generations involves exceeding the necessity of ensuring they meet their basic needs. Societys responsibility is to preserve the opportunities and standards that are valued today. People ought to pass a legacy of a resilient, biologically diverse and life sustaining planet. References Ayestarn, I. ( 2010) 'Knowledge, responsibility and ethics of sustainability in view of the global change', Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 183-198. Baumgrtner, S. and Quaas, M. ( 2010) 'What is sustainability economics?', Ecological Economics, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 445-450. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A. ( 2013) 'The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability. International ', Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, pp. 14(1), pp.6-14. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2016) Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization, Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. (2007) Business, ethics, and the environment: Imagining a sustainable future , Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kibert, C.J., Thiele, L., Peterson, A. and Monroe, M. (2011. ) The ethics of sustainability.. Kolk, A. ( 2008) 'Sustainability, accountability and corporate governance: exploring multinationals' reporting practices ', Business Strategy and the Environment, pp. 17(1), pp.1-15. Krainer, L. (2011) Ethics and Sustainability, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Krishna, A., Dangayach, G.S. and Jainabc, R. (2011) 'Business ethics: a sustainability approach', Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, no. 25, pp. 281-286. Liu, J., Mooney, H., Hull, V., Davis, S.J., Gaskell, J., Hertel, T., Lubchenco, J., Seto, K.C., Gleick, P., Kremen, C. and Li, S. (2015) ' Sustainability. Systems integration for global sustainability', Science, vol. (6225), no. 1258832, p. 347. Manzini, E. ( 2006) 'Design, ethics and sustainability. Guidelines for a Transition Phase' University of Art and Design Helsinki (June). Meijboom, F.L. and Brom, F.W. (2012) ' Ethics and sustainability: Guest or guide? On sustainability as a moral ideal', Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics, pp. 25(2), pp.117-121. Saltaji, I.M. (2013) ' CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RELATION WITH CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY', Internal Auditing Risk Management, vol. 8, no. 2. Sestini, F. (2012) ' Collective awareness platforms: engines for sustainability and ethics', IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 54-62. Wright, N.S. and Bennett, H.. (2011) 'Business ethics, CSR, sustainability and the MBA ', Journal of Management Organization, pp. 17(05), pp.641-655. York, J.G. (2009) ' Pragmatic sustainability: translating environmental ethics into competitive advantage ', Journal of Business Ethics,pp, vol. 85, pp. 97-109.

should marijuana be legal Essays - Drug Policy, Drug Culture

Should Marijuana Be Legalized in the states? Canada and other states have approved it. Some say that it will be in good use for people that are ill. The most common gateway for people is drugs. Our American society is facing a tremendous drug problem. It has become a highly controversial issue whether drugs such as marijuana should be legalized or not. Marijuana should be used to heal innocent ill people, but some people advocate this issue and believe that legalization is the only solution left for the nation. Because they felt like people will use it for drugs and get high from using Marijuana when it only should be used to heal the ill patients. Marijuana is illegal in the United States because of how people use it. They don?t realize how bad it can cause problems with the brain and body. Marijuana has both short term and long term effects. However, according to scientific experiments, marijuana is known to be beneficial in medicine. We all wonder and ask questions like should marijuana be legalized? One of the consequences of legalization will be a tremendous increase in drug users. Right now, drug users have a fear of law enforcement agents, but if drugs were to be legalized, they no longer will have fear and will feel that it will be okay to use drugs. Over a decade ago, Americans went as high as 24 million, but we now estimate that the number of Americans who use illegal drugs is down to about 11 million. A recent study by scientific professors did a major research about how drug use has gone down dramatically. This is good because using the marijuana on daily bases can kill a lot of people. In the year of 93, Americans spent over $49 billion on illegal drugs, and it down from $64 billion in 1988 (Brown 629). This decline is due to more officers on the streets and drug awareness programs. By officers dressing up like they are one of the Americans? that uses drugs, they surprising the drug users that are really police officers. An increase in drug use will result in an increase in drug related crimes if drugs are legalized. Supporters of drug legalization believe that crime and violence would decrease if drug use was legal by officers doing a drug bust in their home or on the streets. Majority of the time when cops are having a road block, and if the driver looks suspicious, they are most likely to do a drug test and if it is positive, they would be arrested. Major Making drugs more readily available could only propel more individuals into a life of crime and violence (Brown 629). Many people who are on drugs turn to crime to pay for their habits because they are stimulated by drugs and therefore act violently. If marijuana was legal in the states, it would be so many people doing drugs or buying it to make money. That would be the disadvantage of having the states to approve it because of how certain people would abuse it, and to make money. Thus, it will increase the already existing problem of crime. Church mentions that every year drug lords make over twenty billion dollars from cocaine and marijuana business, and legalizers believe that legalization will wipe out their major sources of funds (Church 12). Therefore, drug use is a matter of supply and demand. As long as the drugs exist, they will continue to use it, whether it is legal or illegal. People that supported the legalization believe that if governments regulate drugs such as cocaine and marijuana by imposing taxes, they believe that black market will be eliminated and would not be any more drug use (Church 12). Therefore, the higher the tax rate, the higher the price of the drugs and not many users can afford to buy high priced drugs such as marijuana and cocaine. Therefore, they will have to go buy drugs from gangs members and hide out without getting caught, but it will hurt them the most because . In addition, children and teenagers will be obviously banned from purchasing marijuana and cocaine just as they are prohibited